Ammoniumhydroksidia

Ammoniumhydroksidia is the common name used in some languages for an aqueous solution of ammonia, also known as ammonium hydroxide. In solution, it is often represented as NH4OH(aq), existing in equilibrium with dissolved ammonia gas: NH3(aq) + H2O ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH−(aq). The solution behaves as a weak base and is valued for its alkalizing properties.

Preparation and concentration: It is produced by dissolving ammonia gas in water. Commercial products typically contain about 5 to 30 percent ammonia by weight; higher-concentration solutions are used in industrial cleaning and chemical processing.

Physical properties: Ammoniumhydroksidia is a colorless, highly miscible liquid (or dense solution) with a characteristic pungent odor of ammonia. The pH depends on concentration, commonly ranging from about 11 to 13 for moderate concentrations. The solution can release ammonia gas, especially upon heating or evaporation.

Applications: It is widely used as a cleaning agent and pH adjuster in industrial and laboratory settings. In organic synthesis, it serves as a base in various reactions and as a reagent for neutralization and precipitation steps. Some food-processing and textile applications employ ammonium hydroxide under controlled conditions, depending on local regulations and safety practices.

Safety and handling: Ammoniumhydroksidia is caustic and can irritate skin, eyes, and the respiratory tract. It should be used in well-ventilated areas with appropriate personal protective equipment. Avoid contact with acids, which release toxic ammonia gas. Store in a tightly closed container away from heat and incompatibles.

See also: Ammonia; Ammonium salts.