Allergénprovokáció

Allergénprovokáció, also known as allergen challenge testing, is a medical procedure used to diagnose allergies by exposing an individual to a suspected allergen under controlled conditions. The test helps confirm whether a person is allergic to a specific substance, such as pollen, dust mites, certain foods, or insect venom. It is typically performed in a clinical setting, such as a hospital or allergy clinic, where medical supervision ensures safety.

During an allergénprovokáció, the patient is gradually exposed to increasing doses of the allergen, either through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, depending on the suspected trigger. For respiratory allergies, nasal or bronchial challenges are common, while food allergies may be tested via oral ingestion. Skin tests, such as the prick or patch test, are sometimes combined with provocation to assess delayed or immediate reactions.

The procedure is carefully monitored for signs of an allergic response, which may include itching, swelling, hives, difficulty breathing, or a drop in blood pressure. Symptoms can range from mild to severe, necessitating immediate medical intervention if anaphylaxis occurs. Allergénprovokáció is generally reserved for cases where other diagnostic methods, such as skin prick tests or blood tests, yield inconclusive results.

This method is particularly useful for diagnosing occupational or exercise-induced allergies, as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of allergy treatments. However, it is not without risks, and patients must be thoroughly screened for contraindications, such as severe asthma or cardiovascular conditions, before undergoing the test. Proper consent and preparation are essential to ensure the procedure’s safety and accuracy.