Alkaliniteti
Alkaliniteti is a measure of the buffering capacity of water or other solutions to neutralize acids. It reflects how much acid can be added before the pH changes by a given amount. In natural waters, alkalinity mainly arises from dissolved carbonate species, including bicarbonate (HCO3−), carbonate (CO3^2−), and to a lesser extent hydroxide (OH−). The presence of these ions allows the water to resist changes in pH when acids or acids produced by biological processes are introduced.
Alkaliniteti is not the same as pH. A water sample can have high or low pH while
Measurement typically involves a titration with a strong acid (for example, hydrochloric acid) until a specified
Applications and importance: Alkalinity is crucial for buffering pH in freshwater and marine ecosystems, aquariums, and
Management: Alkalinity can be adjusted by adding buffering substances (e.g., sodium bicarbonate) to raise it or