Aleuritaceae

The Aleuritaceae is a family of flowering plants belonging to the order Sapindales. It comprises approximately 12 genera and around 200 species, primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, Africa, and Asia. The family is characterized by trees, shrubs, and occasionally lianas, known for their distinctive fruit structures and economic importance.

The most economically significant genus within Aleuritaceae is *Aleurites*, which includes species such as *Aleurites moluccana* (kukui nut) and *Aleurites fordii* (candlenut). These plants produce edible seeds and oils, with *Aleurites moluccana* being particularly valued in Polynesian and Pacific Islander cultures for its nutritious seeds, which are used in traditional cuisine and as a source of oil. The candlenut tree (*Aleurites fordii*), on the other hand, is notable for its toxic seeds, historically used as a source of firewood and later exploited for its oil, though its use has declined due to safety concerns.

The family also includes *Pentadesma*, a genus with species such as *Pentadesma butyracea*, which produces a hard, butyrous fruit used in traditional medicine and as a source of resin. Other genera like *Aleurites* and *Pentadesma* exhibit adaptations such as fleshy fruits or resinous exudates, contributing to their ecological and economic significance.

Aleuritaceae plants are often found in lowland rainforests and moist tropical environments, where they play roles in soil stabilization and seed dispersal. Some species are also cultivated for their edible oils, which are rich in unsaturated fatty acids and have applications in cooking and industrial products. Research into their genetic and biochemical properties continues to explore potential agricultural and medicinal uses.