Alergjike

Alergjike refers to a condition characterized by an exaggerated immune response to substances that are normally harmless. These substances, known as allergens, can include pollen, dust mites, certain foods, animal dander, and insect stings. When an allergic individual encounters an allergen, their immune system mistakenly identifies it as a threat and releases chemicals, such as histamine, which trigger a cascade of allergic symptoms.

The symptoms of an allergic reaction can vary widely in severity and presentation, depending on the type of allergen and the individual's sensitivity. Common manifestations include skin reactions like hives, eczema, and itching. Respiratory symptoms may involve sneezing, a runny nose, nasal congestion, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea can also occur. In severe cases, a life-threatening systemic reaction called anaphylaxis can develop, characterized by a rapid drop in blood pressure, airway constriction, and loss of consciousness.

Diagnosing allergies typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and specific allergy tests. These tests may include skin prick tests, where small amounts of allergens are applied to the skin, or blood tests that measure the presence of specific antibodies. Management of allergies often focuses on avoiding known allergens. Antihistamines, corticosteroids, and decongestants are commonly used medications to alleviate symptoms. For severe allergies, emergency medication like epinephrine is prescribed. In some cases, immunotherapy, or allergy shots, may be recommended to desensitize the immune system to specific allergens over time.