Alergické

Alergické is the Czech adjective meaning “allergic.” It is used to describe conditions caused by an overreaction of the immune system to harmless substances, known as allergens. The term appears in phrases like alergická reakce (allergic reaction), alergické onemocnění (allergic disease), and alergie (allergy). Allergic reactions are commonly mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies following sensitization to an allergen, though non-IgE mechanisms are also described.

Common triggers include pollen, house dust mites, animal dander, molds, foods, insect stings, and certain medicines. Allergic diseases range from hay fever and allergic conjunctivitis to atopic dermatitis and various forms of asthma, and may manifest as skin rashes, itching, sneezing, nasal congestion, coughing, wheezing, or, in severe cases, anaphylaxis.

Diagnosis relies on history and tests such as skin prick testing or blood tests measuring specific IgE antibodies. In some cases, elimination diets or supervised oral food challenges are used to identify triggers.

Management emphasizes avoidance of known triggers when possible, along with pharmacotherapy and, for some patients, immunotherapy. Medications commonly used include antihistamines, intranasal or inhaled corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and, in emergencies, epinephrine. Allergen immunotherapy can reduce sensitivity over time.

Epidemiologically, allergic diseases affect a substantial portion of the population worldwide and often begin in childhood, though they can develop at any age. The term “alergické” thus covers a broad set of conditions linked by immune-driven hypersensitivity to environmental or ingested substances.