Aldehydfunktion

Aldehydfunktion refers to the functional group found in organic chemistry that is characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a hydrogen atom and an R group, where R can be a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group. The general formula for an aldehyde is RCHO. This functional group is highly reactive and plays a significant role in various chemical reactions and biological processes.

Aldehydes are named by replacing the terminal -e of the parent alkane name with -al. For example, the simplest aldehyde, HCHO, is called methanal, commonly known as formaldehyde. Another common example is ethanal (acetaldehyde), CH3CHO.

The carbonyl group in aldehydes makes them polar, leading to relatively high boiling points compared to alkanes of similar molecular weight. Aldehydes with fewer than five carbon atoms are soluble in water due to hydrogen bonding.

Aldehydes undergo characteristic reactions, including oxidation to carboxylic acids and reduction to primary alcohols. They also participate in nucleophilic addition reactions, such as the formation of acetals and imines. The reactivity of the carbonyl carbon atom, being electrophilic, is central to these transformations.

Aldehydes are found naturally in many plants and fruits, contributing to their characteristic aromas and flavors. Industrially, aldehydes are important intermediates in the synthesis of polymers, pharmaceuticals, and fragrances. Formaldehyde, for instance, is used in the production of resins and as a disinfectant.