AlQurán

AlQurán is the central religious text of Islam. Muslims regard it as the word of God (Allah) revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel over about 23 years, beginning in 610 CE in Mecca and concluding in Medina around 632 CE. It is considered the final revelation in a line of scriptures acknowledged in Islam.

The text is written in Classical Arabic and consists of 114 chapters, called surahs, which are divided into verses, or ayahs. Surahs are generally categorized as Meccan or Medinan, reflecting the period and context of revelation. The Qur’an addresses topics such as monotheism, guidance for personal conduct and conduct of society, legal principles, narratives of prophets, and eschatological themes. Its language and style are regarded as a defining feature of its authority and meaning.

After Muhammad’s death, revelations were preserved through memorization and written records. A standardized Arabic text was compiled during the early Islamic period, attributed to Caliph Uthman, who arranged for copies to be sent to major Muslim centers to preserve uniformity. In Islamic tradition, the Arabic text is considered authoritative; translations exist to aid study but are regarded as interpretations rather than the Qur’an itself. There are also several accepted readings (qira’at) from different transmitters.

The Qur’an serves as the primary source of Islamic theology, law, and practice, with supplementary guidance from hadith literature. It is recited in daily prayers and studied through exegesis (tafsir) to explain meanings and contexts. Its linguistic and thematic influence extends across Arabic literature, art, and culture, making it a central reference for Muslims worldwide. Manuscript traditions and textual studies continue to examine transmission and variants within a framework that upholds the canonical text.