Akrilat

Akrilat refers to esters of acrylic acid. The general structure is CH2=CHCOOR, where R is an alkyl or aryl group. The presence of the vinyl group renders acrylates prone to radical polymerization, allowing rapid formation of polyacrylates. Because of this reactivity, acrylates are widely used as monomers in coatings, adhesives, seals, plastics, and textiles.

Common acrylates include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate; derivatives bearing hydroxy groups such as hydroxyethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate are used to improve compatibility or cross-linking. They are typically prepared by esterification of acrylic acid with the corresponding alcohols or via transesterification of other acrylate esters.

Polymerization: Acrylates undergo free-radical polymerization, initiated by peroxides or azo compounds, to form polyacrylates or copolymers with other vinyl monomers. Copolymer systems enable tuning of properties like flexibility, transparency, adhesion, and chemical resistance, making acrylates common in paints, coatings, adhesives, sealants, and plastics manufacturing.

Safety and environment: Acrylate monomers are generally irritants and may cause sensitization on skin or inhalation exposure. Handling requires appropriate ventilation and protective equipment. Polymeric polyacrylates are typically less hazardous than the monomers, but residual monomer content and airborne droplets present occupational risks. Environmental considerations include potential persistence of polymers and the need for proper waste management in production and application processes.