Ajupõletikud

Ajupõletikud, also known as encephalitis, refers to inflammation of the brain. This condition can be caused by various factors, including infections, autoimmune responses, and in rare cases, certain medications or toxins. Viral infections are the most common cause of encephalitis, with herpes simplex virus, West Nile virus, and enteroviruses being among the frequent culprits. Bacterial infections can also lead to brain inflammation, though less commonly. Autoimmune encephalitis occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy brain cells.

Symptoms of ajupõletikud can vary depending on the severity and location of the inflammation. Common signs include sudden onset of fever, severe headache, stiff neck, confusion, and changes in consciousness. Neurological symptoms such as seizures, difficulty speaking or moving, and sensory disturbances may also be present. In severe cases, encephalitis can lead to coma or be life-threatening.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, neurological examination, and specific tests. These may include blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid analysis (lumbar puncture), electroencephalogram (EEG) to measure brain activity, and imaging techniques like MRI or CT scans of the brain. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for improving outcomes.

Treatment for ajupõletikud depends on the underlying cause. Antiviral medications are used for viral encephalitis, while antibiotics are prescribed for bacterial infections. Immunosuppressive therapies may be necessary for autoimmune forms. Supportive care, such as managing symptoms like fever and seizures, and providing respiratory support if needed, is also an important part of treatment. The recovery process can be lengthy, and some individuals may experience long-term neurological deficits.