Ajukelmepõletik

Ajukelmepõletik, also known as meningitis, is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord. This inflammation can be caused by infections, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Bacterial meningitis is particularly serious and can lead to rapid onset of symptoms. Viral meningitis is more common and generally less severe.

Symptoms of ajukelmepõletik can vary depending on the cause but often include a sudden high fever, stiff neck, severe headache, and sensitivity to light. Other possible symptoms include confusion, vomiting, and a rash. In infants, symptoms may be less specific and include irritability, poor feeding, and a bulging fontanelle.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, including assessment of neurological function, and laboratory tests. A lumbar puncture, also known as a spinal tap, is often performed to collect cerebrospinal fluid for analysis to identify the causative agent and determine the appropriate treatment. Imaging tests like CT or MRI scans may also be used to rule out other conditions.

Treatment for ajukelmepõletik depends on the underlying cause. Bacterial meningitis requires prompt administration of antibiotics. Antiviral medications may be used for viral meningitis, although supportive care is often the primary treatment. Fungal meningitis is treated with antifungal medications. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe complications, which can include brain damage, hearing loss, and even death. Vaccination is available for some forms of bacterial meningitis, such as pneumococcal and meningococcal meningitis, and is an important preventive measure.