Aivoveritulpat

Aivoveritulpat, or brain hemorrhages, are bleedings within or around the brain caused by ruptured blood vessels. They are a form of stroke and require urgent medical evaluation. The term covers intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intraventricular hemorrhage.

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is bleeding into brain tissue; subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is bleeding into the space around the brain; intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) involves blood in the brain’s ventricles.

Hypertension is the most common modifiable risk. Others include ruptured aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations, head trauma, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy.

Sudden severe headache, vomiting, loss of consciousness, and focal neurological signs such as weakness or speech problems are common. Seizures may occur, especially with SAH or IVH.

Initial diagnosis uses a non-contrast CT scan. MRI may follow for smaller bleeds. Vascular imaging helps identify aneurysms or AVMs; lumbar puncture is used if SAH is suspected but CT is negative.

Emergency care includes airway and breathing support, blood pressure management, and reversal of anticoagulation when needed. Some cases require neurosurgery, such as hematoma evacuation or aneurysm treatment; rehabilitation is common.

Outcomes vary; SAH and large ICH have higher mortality and disability risk, while smaller bleeds may recover with timely treatment.

Prevention focuses on managing risk factors, especially hypertension, avoiding smoking, and treating aneurysms or AVMs when indicated.