Agreste

Agreste is a geographic and socio-economic region in the Northeast of Brazil. It forms a transitional belt between the humid coastal zones of Zona da Mata and the inland semi-arid Sertão, generally characterized by milder climates, rolling landscapes, and a mix of rural and urban settlements. The name comes from the Portuguese term agreste, referring to the rough countryside or hinterland.

The Agreste spans parts of several states, notably Pernambuco, Paraíba, Alagoas and, to varying extents, Rio Grande do Norte. Its landscapes typically include highlands and foothills associated with the Borborema Plateau, with vegetation arrayed between caatinga and more temperate microclimates. Rainfall is variable, with a defined wet season in many areas and a pronounced dry period, influencing land use and water management.

Economy and settlements in the Agreste are centered on agriculture, livestock and agroindustry, complemented by services and manufacturing in urban hubs. Common agricultural activities include fruit crops such as citrus and mango, along with sugarcane, corn and beans, plus dairy and poultry production. The region supports commercial centers, markets, and light industry that serve both local and neighboring markets. Urban centers such as Caruaru and Garanhuns in Pernambuco; Campina Grande in Paraíba; and Arapiraca in Alagoas act as economic and cultural hubs, attracting investment and visitors.

Culturally, the Agreste shares characteristics with broader Northeast traditions, including festive celebrations, regional cuisine, and artisanal crafts. Its communities range from small rural settlements to mid-sized cities, reflecting a diverse social and economic fabric within the Northeast region of Brazil.