Pernambuco

Pernambuco is a state in the Northeast region of Brazil, located along the Atlantic coast. It covers about 98,000 square kilometers and has a population of around 9.5 million. Its capital and largest city is Recife, while Olinda is a neighboring city known for its well-preserved colonial architecture.

Geography and economy are varied: the state includes a coastal lowland, the humid Atlantic Forest along the eastern littoral, and the arid Sertão in the western interior. The São Francisco River valley forms an important irrigation region that supports fruit and wine production, notably around Petrolina in Pernambuco and Juazeiro across the river in Bahia. The economy is diversified, with sugarcane and ethanol production, agribusiness in the São Francisco valley, industry and services centered on Recife’s port complex (including Suape), and growing tourism.

History traces Indigenous habitation prior to European contact. The Portuguese established sugarcane plantations in the 16th century, making Pernambuco a leading sugar producer. The Dutch occupied parts of the region in the 17th century and were expelled by 1654. The Pernambucan Revolt of 1817 and related events contributed to the broader Brazilian independence movement.

Culture and education: Pernambuco has a rich cultural heritage, with forms such as frevo and maracatu music and dance. Olinda’s UNESCO-listed historic center, vibrant carnival traditions, and a strong craft scene are notable. The state hosts universities such as the Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE) and the State University of Pernambuco (UPE). The population reflects Afro-Brazilian, Indigenous, and other influences, contributing to a diverse cultural landscape.