Afgans

Afghans refers to the citizens of Afghanistan or people of Afghan descent. The term also encompasses a diverse mix of ethnic and linguistic groups who share a common national connection to Afghanistan.

Most Afghans live in Afghanistan, a multiethnic country with a large population. The largest ethnic group is the Pashtuns, followed by Tajiks, Hazaras, Uzbeks, Turkmen, and others. The official languages are Dari (a form of Persian) and Pashto, with many Afghans speaking additional languages at home. Islam is the predominant faith, with Sunni Islam as the majority and a significant Shia Hazara minority.

Social life in Afghanistan is organized around extended families and community networks. Traditional dress varies by region, but common garments include shalwar kameez. Craftsmanship such as carpet weaving, metalwork, and pottery is notable, and Afghan cuisine features dishes like kebab, qorma, mantu, and pilaf.

Historically, Afghanistan has been a crossroads of cultures. The modern Afghan state emerged in the 18th century under the Durrani dynasty and gained independence in 1919. The late 20th and early 21st centuries were shaped by conflict and political change, including periods of Taliban governance. Since 2021, the Taliban have controlled the country, with ongoing humanitarian and development needs.

Diaspora communities are substantial in Pakistan, Iran, Europe, and North America, where remittances and cultural ties connect Afghans worldwide. In English, the standard demonym is Afghan for a person or Afghans for people; the spelling "afgans" is uncommon.