Adverzív

Adverzív is a term used in linguistics to describe elements that express adverbial meaning—circumstantial information about the action of a verb. The category covers a range of forms that function as modifiers of time, place, manner, degree, cause, purpose, or condition. In many languages, adverzív meaning is realized by adverbs (for example, softly), adverbial prepositional phrases (in the park), or adverbial clauses (when I arrived). In languages with rich morphology, adverzív relations may be encoded by dedicated case endings or postpositions rather than standalone particles.

Adverzív is a functional label rather than a fixed lexical category; it describes how a phrase relates to the verb. Some grammars treat adverbials as a separate class from adjectives and nouns; others describe them as a syntactic function assigned to various word classes. The term is often used in descriptive grammars of Hungarian or other languages when discussing circumstantial modifiers; in English-language grammar, the counterpart is commonly referred to as adverbial.

Examples illustrate the range of adverzív realizations. A manner adverzív appears in sentences like "She spoke softly." A temporal adverzív occurs in "We will meet tomorrow." A locative adverzív is present in "They walked in the park." More complex realizations include adverbial clauses, such as "After the rain stopped, we went outside," which provide time or condition information for the main clause. Cross-linguistic variation is common in how languages encode adverzív meanings, spanning adverbs, phrases, and clauses.