Administracin

Administracin refers to the activities involved in planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, and controlling resources to achieve chosen objectives. It encompasses the development and implementation of policies, the allocation of human and material resources, and the supervision of day-to-day operations. The concept is used in both public and private sectors and can describe the overall system of governance in a jurisdiction as well as the management of an individual organization.

Public administration focuses on policy making, service delivery, regulation, and the management of public programs by state or local authorities. Corporate or organizational administration deals with governance within a company or institution, including strategic planning, risk management, and compliance.

The classical view, associated with Henri Fayol, identifies five functions: planning, organizing, commanding (leading), coordinating, and controlling. In modern usage, the model often emphasizes leadership, decision making, and process optimization, along with accountability and ethics.

Historical development includes bureaucracy as a formal organizational form described by Max Weber, and later reforms such as New Public Management and e-government that aim to increase efficiency, transparency, and citizen service.

Key challenges include balancing efficiency with equity, ensuring accountability, combating corruption, managing change, and leveraging digital technologies to improve service delivery. The study of administracin spans political science, public administration, management science, and organizational theory.