Adhezji

Adhezji is the phenomenon of adhesion—the attraction or sticking of dissimilar surfaces or substances. The term is used across disciplines and languages to denote the process or property of sticking, whether in materials science, biology, or medicine.

In materials science and engineering, adhesion refers to the strength of the bond between a substrate and an adhesive. Mechanisms include chemical bonding, mechanical interlocking, van der Waals forces, and diffusion. Surface preparation, cleanliness, roughness, and environmental conditions influence adhesion. Common adhesives include epoxies, acrylics, polyurethanes, silicones, and hot-melt adhesives.

In biology, cell adhesion is the process by which cells attach to other cells and to the extracellular matrix, mediated by adhesion molecules such as integrins, cadherins, and selectins. Adhesion is essential for tissue formation, wound healing, immune responses, and development. Abnormal adhesion can contribute to cancer progression and inflammatory diseases.

In medicine, postoperative adhesions are fibrous bands that form between tissues after surgery, potentially causing chronic pain or intestinal obstruction. Prevention and management include meticulous surgical technique, anti-adhesion barriers, and pharmacological strategies in some cases.

Measurement of adhesion strength uses tests such as peel, pull-off, or shear tests, and is guided by standards in aerospace, automotive, and biomedical industries. Surface analysis and adhesion studies also explore interfacial chemistry and energy.