Adenyylaattikiinaasi

Adenyylaattikiinaasi, also known as adenylate kinase or myokinase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphate group between ATP and AMP. The reaction it facilitates is 2 ADP <=> ATP + AMP. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular energy homeostasis by interconverting adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP), which are key components of cellular energy currency. Adenylate kinase plays a vital role in cellular energy buffering, especially during periods of high energy demand or depletion. It helps to regenerate ATP from ADP and also converts AMP, a signaling molecule indicative of low energy status, back into ADP.

There are several isoforms of adenylate kinase found in eukaryotic cells, each with slightly different tissue distribution and subcellular localization. These isoforms contribute to the fine-tuning of energy metabolism in various cellular compartments. For instance, some isoforms are predominantly found in the cytosol, while others are located in mitochondria. The activity of adenylate kinase is essential for processes requiring rapid ATP turnover, such as muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmission. Without efficient adenylate kinase function, cells would struggle to maintain adequate ATP levels, leading to impaired cellular function and potentially cell death. Its ubiquitous presence and fundamental role make it a subject of considerable research in biochemistry and cell biology.