Actinidia

Actinidia is a genus of woody climbing plants in the family Actinidiaceae, native to temperate regions of eastern Asia. The plants are deciduous lianas that climb by twisting tendrils and are best known for producing kiwifruit. Leaves are alternate and simple, often broad with a pointed apex, while flowers are small and typically white or pink, produced in spring.

Most Actinidia species are dioecious, with separate male and female plants; fruit production typically requires both sexes, although some cultivars or clones may set fruit more easily. Fruits are berries with edible flesh surrounding numerous seeds. The genus includes several commercially important species, most notably Actinidia deliciosa (green kiwifruit), Actinidia chinensis (often marketed as golden kiwifruit), and Actinidia arguta (hardy kiwi), the latter yielding smaller, smooth-skinned fruits that can be eaten whole.

Native range encompasses China and surrounding regions, with naturalized and cultivated populations in Japan, Korea, and beyond. Actinidia is grown commercially in temperate areas with cool winters and sufficient chilling for flowering. Major production regions include New Zealand, Italy, Chile, and China. Cultivation requirements include well-drained soil, space for climbing, and protection from late frosts; plants are often trained on trellises or other support structures. Pests and diseases can affect yields, with bacterial and fungal pathogens reported in some regions.

Uses of Actinidia are primarily horticultural and agricultural: the fruits of several species are consumed fresh or processed, while some species are also grown as ornamental vines in gardens.