Acrylics

Acrylics are a broad class of polymers derived from acrylic or methacrylic esters. The monomers most commonly used include methyl methacrylate and various acrylates or methacrylates. Polymers in this family are synthesized by radical polymerization and can be formulated into a wide range of products, from lightweight plastics to paints, coatings, and fibers.

In art and coatings, acrylics typically refer to acrylic paints and coatings that use a water-based acrylic polymer emulsion as a binder. When applied, the water evaporates and a flexible, durable film forms. Acrylic paints can be diluted with water while wet and become water-resistant as they dry. They offer rapid drying, good color retention, and compatibility with multiple ground surfaces, though lightfastness depends on pigment quality. Acrylic coatings are also valued for adhesion, chemical resistance, and clarity.

Acrylic plastics are most often polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), known for clarity, transparency, and weather resistance. PMMA is used in glazing, lenses, signage, and medical devices, and can be cast or extruded. It is lightweight and shatter-resistant, but can be susceptible to scratching.

Acrylic fibers are synthetic textiles derived from polyacrylonitrile and related polymers. They imitate wool and other natural fibers, offering warmth, softness, and colorfastness, while remaining lightweight and durable. They are used in clothing, upholstery, and industrial fabrics.

Safety and environmental considerations vary by application. Methyl methacrylate monomer—used to produce PMMA—can be a irritant and is flammable; paints and coatings can contain pigments and additives requiring proper ventilation and disposal.