ATG17

ATG17 is a protein encoded in humans by the *ATG17* gene, located on chromosome 12 at position 12q24.32. It plays a critical role in the autophagy-lysosome degradation pathway, a cellular process essential for maintaining homeostasis by degrading and recycling damaged organelles and proteins. Autophagy is particularly important during periods of nutrient starvation, stress, or infection, where it helps cells survive by generating energy and molecular building blocks.

The ATG17 protein is part of the ATG1 complex, which is a key regulator of the autophagy initiation phase. This complex includes ATG17, ATG13, ATG14, and ULK1 (Unc-51 Like Autophagy Activating Kinase 1). ATG17 acts as a scaffold protein, facilitating the assembly and activation of the ULK1 kinase complex. The ULK1 complex then phosphorylates downstream targets, initiating the formation of the phagophore, the precursor structure of the autophagosome.

Mutations in the *ATG17* gene have been linked to impaired autophagy, which may contribute to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and metabolic syndromes. For example, disrupted autophagy has been implicated in conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and lysosomal storage disorders. Additionally, autophagy dysfunction is associated with cancer progression, as it can influence tumor cell survival, drug resistance, and metastasis.

Research on ATG17 and autophagy has expanded our understanding of cellular degradation mechanisms and their broader implications in health and disease. Further studies may uncover new therapeutic targets for conditions where autophagy is dysregulated, offering potential avenues for treatment.