AKT1

AKT1, also known as Protein kinase B alpha (PKBα), is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth, and angiogenesis. It is part of the AKT family of kinases, which also includes AKT2 and AKT3. The AKT1 gene is located on chromosome 14q32.33 in humans.

AKT1 is activated downstream of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways. Upon activation, it undergoes phosphorylation at key residues, such as threonine 308 and serine 473, which are necessary for its full activity. Once activated, AKT1 can phosphorylate numerous substrates involved in regulating cell cycle progression, apoptosis inhibition, glucose metabolism, and cellular migration.

Dysregulation of AKT1 has been implicated in various cancers, where it often contributes to oncogenic transformation by promoting cell survival and proliferation. Mutations, amplifications, or overexpression of AKT1 can lead to enhanced signaling that supports tumor growth and resistance to apoptosis. Consequently, AKT1 is considered a potential target for anticancer therapies.

In addition to cancer, AKT1 plays roles in insulin signaling, making it important for metabolic homeostasis. Abnormal AKT1 activity has been linked to metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity.

Research continues to explore the therapeutic potential of targeting AKT1, with several inhibitors under investigation for their roles in cancer treatment. Overall, AKT1 is a vital component of numerous signaling pathways essential for maintaining cellular function and integrity.