ADH1C

ADH1C, also known as Alcohol Dehydrogenase Class 1 Subfamily C, is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) family of enzymes. These enzymes play a crucial role in the metabolism of alcohol and other small molecules. ADH1C is specifically found in the liver and is responsible for the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde, a process that is a significant part of alcohol metabolism. The gene encoding ADH1C is located on chromosome 4 in humans.

ADH1C is a homotetramer, meaning it consists of four identical subunits. Each subunit contains a catalytic site that binds to alcohol molecules. The enzyme's activity is influenced by various factors, including genetic variations, age, and the presence of other substances in the body. For instance, individuals with certain genetic variants of ADH1C may have altered alcohol metabolism, which can affect their response to alcohol consumption.

The activity of ADH1C is regulated by several mechanisms, including feedback inhibition by its product, acetaldehyde, and allosteric regulation by other molecules. This regulation helps to maintain the balance of alcohol metabolism in the body.

ADH1C is also involved in the metabolism of other small molecules, such as retinol and other aldehydes. Its broad substrate specificity makes it an important enzyme in various metabolic pathways.

In summary, ADH1C is a key enzyme in alcohol metabolism, playing a significant role in the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. Its activity is regulated by various mechanisms and it also participates in the metabolism of other small molecules. Understanding the function and regulation of ADH1C is important for comprehending alcohol metabolism and its implications for health and disease.