ACTHhiány

ACTHhiány, also known as adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency, is a medical condition characterized by insufficient production or secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by the anterior pituitary gland. ACTH is a crucial hormone that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and other essential steroid hormones. When ACTH levels are low, the adrenal glands are not adequately stimulated, leading to a deficiency in cortisol production, a condition known as secondary adrenal insufficiency.

Symptoms of ACTHhiány can vary in severity and may include fatigue, weakness, weight loss, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and muscle or joint pain. In severe cases, it can lead to a life-threatening condition called adrenal crisis, characterized by low blood pressure, confusion, and loss of consciousness. The onset of symptoms can be gradual or sudden, depending on the underlying cause.

The causes of ACTHhiány are diverse and can include pituitary tumors, pituitary surgery or radiation, head trauma, inflammatory or infiltrative diseases affecting the pituitary, and certain genetic disorders. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure ACTH and cortisol levels, often in conjunction with stimulation tests to assess the pituitary-adrenal axis response. Imaging studies like MRI of the pituitary gland may also be performed.

Treatment for ACTHhiány focuses on replacing the deficient cortisol hormone with synthetic glucocorticoids, such as hydrocortisone or prednisone. Hormone replacement therapy is usually lifelong and requires careful monitoring to ensure appropriate dosage and prevent complications. Individuals with ACTHhiány must also carry emergency medication and be educated about managing stress and illness, as these can precipitate an adrenal crisis.