ACBD

ACBD stands for acyl-CoA binding domain-containing proteins, a family of eukaryotic proteins defined by a conserved acyl-CoA binding domain capable of binding fatty acyl-CoA esters. Members vary in size and subcellular localization, with some soluble in the cytosol and others anchored to membranes or organelles. The binding site suggests roles in lipid metabolism, transport, and signaling, but the exact functions are diverse and context-dependent across the family.

Key members include ACBD3, ACBD4, and ACBD5. ACBD3 is a Golgi-associated protein involved in organizing Golgi structure and recruiting lipid signaling enzymes such as PI4KIIIβ, thereby influencing Golgi trafficking. ACBD4 and ACBD5 are peroxisomal membrane proteins that contain acyl-CoA binding domains and FFAT motifs, participating in ER-peroxisome contact sites and in peroxisomal beta-oxidation of long-chain and very-long-chain fatty acids.

Beyond these, other ACBD family members exist with tissue-specific expression and varied localizations, contributing to lipid droplet formation, intracellular fatty acid handling, and metabolic regulation. Across members, the common thread is binding of acyl-CoA esters and facilitating substrate delivery, organization, or communication within lipid metabolic pathways and organelle interactions.

Clinical relevance is primarily active in research contexts. Disruptions or altered expression of ACBD genes have been studied for their potential impact on fatty acid metabolism and peroxisomal function in model systems. As a gene family, ACBD members remain subjects of investigation for understanding intracellular lipid handling and the coordination of organelle contact sites.