4Dtrajectory
4Dtrajectory is a concept in flight operations and air traffic management referring to a trajectory defined in four dimensions: three spatial dimensions and time. In aviation, a 4D trajectory includes an intended path through space (latitude, longitude, altitude) and timing information, such as estimated times of arrival at waypoints or metering points, to meet constraints and optimize routing, sequencing, and spacing.
A 4D trajectory is typically specified as part of performance-based navigation and can be dynamic, allowing
In practice, 4D trajectories are developed during planning and can be shared between pilots, operators, and
Benefits include better airspace utilization, reduced congestion, fuel efficiency, and enhanced reliability. Challenges involve handling weather