33Dimethylpentane

3,3-Dimethylpentane is a branched saturated hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C7H16. It is one of the structural isomers of heptane and belongs to the alkane family, meaning it contains only carbon and hydrogen with no functional groups. The name 3,3-dimethylpentane is the standard IUPAC designation; the form 33-dimethylpentane may appear in informal sources.

Structure and naming: The molecule consists of a five-carbon main chain (pentane) with two methyl groups attached to the third carbon. This creates a quaternary carbon at the center, bonded to the second and fourth carbons of the main chain as well as to the two methyl substituents, resulting in a highly branched skeleton that influences its physical properties relative to straight-chain heptane.

Properties: It is a colorless, flammable liquid that is insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. Branched isomers like 3,3-dimethylpentane typically exhibit lower boiling points than n-heptane, reflecting their decreased surface area and weaker intermolecular interactions, while maintaining typical hydrocarbon volatility. Density is similar to other light alkanes.

Occurrence and use: It is produced during crude oil refining and appears alongside other C7 isomers in gasoline fractions. It can serve as a solvent or as a component in gasoline octane studies, but it is not commonly marketed as a separate commercial chemical.

Safety: Like other volatile hydrocarbons, it is flammable and vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. Standard handling precautions apply, including adequate ventilation and avoidance of ignition sources. It has low acute toxicity relative to many industrial chemicals but should be handled as a hydrocarbon solvent with care.