2toluidine

2-Toluidine, also called o-toluidine, is an aromatic amine with the chemical formula C7H9N. It consists of a benzene ring bearing a methyl substituent and an amino group in the ortho position relative to each other. It is one of three toluidine isomers (the others being m- and p-toluidine).

In industry, 2-toluidine is produced mainly by the catalytic hydrogenation of o-nitrotoluene, which itself can arise from toluene derivatives used in dye and pigment manufacture. It serves as a chemical intermediate in the production of azo dyes, pigments, and other aromatic compounds, and it is also used in rubber chemistry and as a precursor for various specialty chemicals.

Physical properties of 2-toluidine include its identity as a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a strong, acrid odor. It is flammable and has limited water solubility but is miscible with many organic solvents. Like other aromatic amines, it can form amine salts with acids and may be oxidized or otherwise react in the presence of reactive chemicals. It can evolve toxic fumes when burned.

Safety and handling are important due to its toxic and irritant nature. 2-Toluidine can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract and is hazardous if ingested or inhaled. It can cause methemoglobinemia and has been associated with carcinogenic risk in occupational settings, leading to strict handling, exposure controls, and regulatory restrictions in many countries. It should be used under appropriate engineering controls (such as a fume hood), with personal protective equipment, and stored in sealed, labeled containers away from oxidizers. Environmental releases should be managed as hazardous waste and monitored for aquatic toxicity.

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