1decylamine

1-decylamine is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃(CH₂)₉NH₂. It is a primary aliphatic amine characterized by a straight-chain alkyl group consisting of ten carbon atoms attached to an amino group. This colorless, oily liquid is soluble in organic solvents but has limited solubility in water due to its hydrophobic alkyl chain.

1-decylamine is primarily used as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemical products, including surfactants, corrosion inhibitors, and pharmaceuticals. Its long carbon chain contributes to its emulsifying and wetting properties, making it valuable in industrial applications such as lubricants, textile treatments, and agrochemical formulations. It can also serve as a precursor for quaternary ammonium compounds, which are commonly used as antimicrobial agents.

The compound is typically prepared through the hydrogenation of 1-decanenitrile or by the reductive amination of decanal. It is classified as a hazardous material, requiring proper handling due to its potential to cause skin and eye irritation, as well as respiratory sensitization. Appropriate safety measures, including gloves, goggles, and ventilation, are recommended when working with it.

1-decylamine exhibits physical properties typical of aliphatic amines, such as a boiling point of approximately 200°C and a density slightly less than water. Its chemical reactivity includes nucleophilic addition and condensation reactions, which are exploited in its industrial applications. Due to its relatively low volatility, it is often used in formulations where stability under moderate heat is required.