1Cyanobutane

1-Cyanobutane is an organic chemical compound classified as a nitrile, which features a cyanide group (-CN) attached to a butane backbone. It belongs to the family of alkyl nitriles, which are characterized by a straightforward carbon chain with a terminal nitrile functional group. The molecular formula of 1-cyanobutane is C4H7N, and it has a linear structure with the nitrile group positioned at the first carbon atom of the four-carbon chain.

This compound is primarily used as an intermediate in organic synthesis, particularly in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fine chemicals. Its reactivity allows for further functionalization, such as hydrolysis to form butanamide or addition reactions with various nucleophiles. Due to its toxic nature, handling and storage of 1-cyanobutane require proper safety precautions, including the use of gloves and fume hoods.

In terms of physical properties, 1-cyanobutane is a colorless liquid at room temperature, with a boiling point typically around 110-115°C. It exhibits moderate solubility in organic solvents such as acetone and dichloromethane but is insoluble in water. Its odor is usually described as faintly pungent or chemical-like.

Chemically, the nitrile group in 1-cyanobutane is a polar functional group that influences its chemical behavior, making it amenable to nucleophilic addition and hydrolysis reactions. The compound’s synthesis can be achieved via different methods, including the reaction of butyllithium with cyanogen or the dehydration of butanamide.

Due to its reactivity and toxicity, 1-cyanobutane is primarily used in controlled industrial settings rather than in consumer applications. Its safety profile and handling guidelines are documented in chemical safety data sheets (SDS).