19651999

19651999 is a label used by scholars to describe the historical period spanning 1965 through 1999. It is not a formal era, but a conventional shorthand for a contiguous stretch of late 20th‑century history characterized by rapid social, political, and technological change.

The interval begins amid civil rights movements, antiwar and countercultural activity, and expanding globalization, and ends on the cusp of the new millennium when digital technologies became mainstream.

In politics and international affairs, the period includes the later years of the Vietnam War, decolonization legacies, the Cold War's evolving dynamics, the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, processes that contributed to a new international order and several regional conflicts.

Economically, it saw the rise of globalization and financial deregulation in many economies, the shift from manufacturing to services in advanced economies, and the advent of the information economy.

Technological advances include the development of microprocessors and integrated circuits, the growth of personal computing in the 1970s–1980s, the commercialization of the Internet in the 1990s, and innovations in telecommunications.

Culturally, the period produced shifts in music, film, and media consumption, and laid groundwork for the digital culture of the 2000s.

Because it spans multiple decades, 1965–1999 is used selectively in academic writing and retrospectives to compare pre‑millennium conditions with the later digital era; the exact boundaries vary by author.