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The period of 1831-1832 saw significant developments across various fields, reflecting the ongoing transformations of the early 19th century. In the realm of politics, the United Kingdom was grappling with the aftermath of the Great Reform Act of 1832, which dramatically altered the country's electoral system. This period was also marked by social unrest and reform movements, including the early stirrings of the Chartist movement, which advocated for further political reforms.
In France, the July Monarchy, established after the Revolution of 1830, was consolidating its power under King
Scientific and technological advancements continued to shape the world. In chemistry, the concept of atomic weights