11985

11985 is a year in the 12th century, following 1197 and preceding 1199. It falls within the High Middle Ages. Historical events of this year are often viewed through the lens of ongoing conflicts and political developments across Europe and the Middle East.

In the context of the Third Crusade, significant military and diplomatic activities continued. While the major crusader forces had largely withdrawn by this period, the Kingdom of Jerusalem and other Crusader states were still engaged in maintaining their territories and dealing with the Ayyubid Sultanate. Negotiations and skirmishes were characteristic of this era.

Political landscapes in Europe were also in flux. The reign of King Richard I of England was nearing its end, and his concerns often extended to his continental possessions. Similarly, other European monarchies were navigating their own internal and external challenges, including feudal relationships and dynastic disputes. The Papacy, under Pope Innocent III, continued to exert considerable influence over secular rulers and religious affairs throughout Christendom.

Further east, the Byzantine Empire was in a period of decline, with internal strife and external pressures shaping its trajectory. The broader region was also affected by the ongoing interactions between various cultures and empires. Details from specific chronicles and historical records from 11985 provide insights into the daily lives, governance, and conflicts of the time.