0o345

0o345 refers to a number represented in octal, also known as base-8. The leading "0o" is a common prefix used to denote an octal literal in various programming languages, such as Python. The number itself, "345" in octal, needs to be converted to its decimal (base-10) equivalent to understand its value in a more conventional system.

To convert 0o345 to decimal, we use the positional value of each digit. In octal, each digit's place value is a power of 8, starting from the rightmost digit as 8^0. So, for 345 in octal, the calculation is as follows: 3 * (8^2) + 4 * (8^1) + 5 * (8^0). This translates to 3 * 64 + 4 * 8 + 5 * 1, which equals 192 + 32 + 5. Therefore, 0o345 in octal is equivalent to 229 in decimal.

Octal notation was historically used in computing due to its convenient relationship with binary (base-2). Each octal digit can be represented by exactly three binary digits. For instance, the octal digit '3' is '011' in binary, '4' is '100', and '5' is '101'. This made octal a useful shorthand for representing binary numbers, especially in older computer systems and command-line interfaces where memory addresses or file permissions were often displayed in octal. While less common now with the prevalence of hexadecimal (base-16), octal still appears in specific contexts.