ärevusvastaste

Ärevusvastased, also known as anxiolytics, are a class of medications primarily used to treat anxiety disorders. They work by reducing the activity of the central nervous system, which can lead to a calming effect. Benzodiazepines are the most commonly prescribed type of anxiolytic, acting by enhancing the effects of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This increased GABA activity inhibits nerve signals, thus reducing feelings of anxiety. Other classes of anxiolytics include buspirone and some antidepressants like SSRIs and SNRIs, which are often used for longer-term anxiety management.

Anxiolytics are typically prescribed for short-term relief of acute anxiety symptoms or for specific anxiety disorders such as panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder. While effective, they can have side effects, including drowsiness, dizziness, confusion, and impaired coordination. Dependence and withdrawal symptoms can occur with prolonged use, especially with benzodiazepines, necessitating careful medical supervision. They are generally not recommended for long-term daily use due to the risk of tolerance and addiction. Alternative or complementary treatments for anxiety include psychotherapy, lifestyle changes, and other medications. The choice of anxiolytic and treatment duration depends on the individual's specific condition, medical history, and response to medication.