Ületalitlust

Ületalitlust is an Estonian term that translates to "hibernation" or "winter dormancy" in English. It refers to a state of inactivity and lowered metabolic rate that some animals enter to survive periods of cold temperatures and limited food availability. This survival strategy is crucial for many species, particularly in environments with harsh winters.

During ületalitlust, an animal's body temperature significantly drops, and its heart rate and breathing slow down considerably. This reduction in metabolic activity conserves energy, allowing the animal to survive on stored body fat for extended periods. The duration of ületalitlust can vary greatly depending on the species and environmental conditions, ranging from a few weeks to several months.

Animals that undergo ületalitlust typically prepare for this state by accumulating fat reserves during warmer seasons through increased feeding. They also seek out safe and sheltered locations, such as burrows, dens, or tree hollows, to protect themselves from predators and the elements. Common examples of animals that exhibit ületalitlust include bears, hedgehogs, bats, and some species of rodents and amphibians. The process is a remarkable adaptation that showcases the diverse strategies employed by wildlife to overcome seasonal challenges.