Évolués

Évolués was a term used in French colonial Africa to describe native Africans who had assimilated into European culture. This assimilation included adopting European dress, language, customs, and often Christianity. The concept was particularly prevalent in French West Africa and French Equatorial Africa. The évolués were often educated in French schools and held positions in the colonial administration, military, or commercial enterprises. They were seen by colonial authorities as a bridge between the colonizers and the colonized population.

The status of évolués was complex and often contradictory. While they were granted certain privileges and opportunities not available to other Africans, they were still subject to colonial rule and racial discrimination. The colonial administration often used the concept of évolués to justify their policies, suggesting that assimilation was the path to progress for Africans. However, many évolués also developed a sense of distinct identity, influenced by both their African heritage and their European education. This led to their involvement in early nationalist movements seeking greater autonomy or independence. The term itself has since fallen out of favor due to its association with colonial paternalism and its hierarchical implications.