Ärevusevastased

Ärevusevastased, also known as anxiolytics, are a class of medications primarily used to treat anxiety disorders. They work by affecting the central nervous system to calm the brain. The most common type of anxiolytic is benzodiazepines, which enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This inhibitory neurotransmitter reduces neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system, leading to a feeling of calmness. Other classes of medications sometimes used for anxiety include antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), which can also alleviate anxiety symptoms.

Anxiolytics are typically prescribed for short-term relief of severe anxiety, panic attacks, or insomnia associated with anxiety. While effective, they can also have side effects and carry a risk of dependence and withdrawal symptoms, especially with long-term use of benzodiazepines. Therefore, they are usually prescribed under close medical supervision. Treatment often involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy. The choice of anxiolytic and its dosage depend on the specific anxiety disorder, the severity of symptoms, and individual patient factors. Non-pharmacological approaches, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness, and lifestyle changes, are also important components in managing anxiety.