þvagfærasjúkdómalækningar

þvagfærasjúkdóms (urinary tract infection) refers to an infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Most infections involve the lower urinary tract, specifically the bladder and urethra. These infections are more common in women than in men.

The most common cause of urinary tract infections is bacteria, with Escherichia coli (E. coli) being the most frequent culprit. These bacteria typically live in the digestive tract and can enter the urinary tract through the urethra. Other bacteria can also cause UTIs. Factors that increase the risk of developing a UTI include sexual activity, certain types of birth control, menopause, and blockages in the urinary tract.

Symptoms of a UTI can vary depending on the part of the urinary tract affected. Common symptoms include a strong, persistent urge to urinate, a burning sensation when urinating, passing frequent, small amounts of urine, urine that appears cloudy, red, pink, or cola-colored, and strong-smelling urine. Pelvic pain in women and rectal pain in men are also possible. If the infection spreads to the kidneys, symptoms may include fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and pain in the sides and back.

Diagnosis usually involves a physical exam and urine tests to detect bacteria and white blood cells. Treatment typically involves antibiotics. For uncomplicated UTIs, a short course of antibiotics is usually sufficient. For recurrent or complicated infections, a longer course of medication or further investigation may be necessary. Prevention strategies include drinking plenty of fluids, urinating after sexual intercourse, and avoiding irritating feminine products.