überkompensiert

Überkompensiert is a German term used to describe a pattern of behavior in which a person tries to obscure or counterbalance a real or perceived deficiency by excessive compensation in another area. The word combines über- (over, excessive) with kompensieren (to compensate). In everyday language it is often used to label actions that appear disproportionately strong or exaggerated relative to the underlying insecurity.

In psychology, overcompensation is considered a defense mechanism. It can be conscious or unconscious and typically arises from feelings of inferiority, weakness, or failure. The aim is to restore self-esteem by demonstrating superiority in a different domain or through exaggerated displays of competence, power, or confidence. The behavior can be social or interpersonal, and may manifest as aggressiveness, bragging, perfectionism, dominance, or risky conduct.

Common contexts include personal relationships, school or work environments, sports, and public life. For example, a person who feels inadequate about social status might adopt a loud, assertive persona, while someone who doubts their abilities in one area may overachieve in another to gain approval.

The term is descriptive rather than diagnostic and is frequently used in analysis, journalism, and self-help discourse. It highlights how overcompensation can be a response to insecurity, rather than a straightforward reflection of actual ability. Critics note that not all intense displays of effort or confidence are overcompensation, and cultural norms can shape what is considered excessive. Related concepts include compensation, inferiority feelings, and defense mechanisms.