úplná

Úplný is an adjective used in Czech and Slovak to mean complete, full, or absolute. It expresses totality or the maximum degree of a quality and can apply to tangible things as well as states or abstract concepts. The word is versatile and appears in both formal and colloquial language.

Usage and nuance: Úplný often conveys a stronger sense of extremity than synonyms like kompletní or celý. It can describe positive or negative intensities, depending on the noun it accompanies. Common collocations include úžasný? No—useful examples are úplný omyl (a complete/utter mistake), úplná spokojenost (complete satisfaction), úplné ticho (total silence), or úplný rozsah (the full extent). In many cases, úplný emphasizes that nothing is missing or that something exists to the utmost degree.

Grammar: In Czech and Slovak, úspný agrees with the noun in gender, number, and case, behaving like other adjectives of the same class. It forms an adverb with úplně, meaning completely, totally, or utterly, as in úplně spolehlivý (completely reliable) or udělat to úplně jinak (to do it completely differently).

Relation to other terms: Úplný is distinct from kompletní in nuance. Kompletní stresses completeness of parts or composition (the full set), while úplný emphasizes totality, intensity, or decisiveness, sometimes in evaluative contexts.

Etymology: The word is built from the root plný (full) with a prefix ú-, a common Czech and Slovak way to intensify meaning. It is widely used in both languages and remains a staple for expressing extent and absoluteness.