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An oil burner is a device that burns fuel oil to provide heat. It is commonly used in residential heating systems, industrial furnaces, and other applications requiring a reliable source of heat. The basic principle of an oil burner involves atomizing fuel oil into a fine mist, which is then mixed with air and ignited. This combustion process releases heat, which can be used for various purposes.

Oil burners consist of several key components. A fuel pump delivers oil from a storage tank to the burner. An atomizing nozzle breaks the oil into tiny droplets, increasing its surface area for efficient combustion. A fan or blower supplies combustion air, and an ignition system, such as a spark igniter or a glow plug, initiates the flame. A control system regulates the flow of fuel and air, ensuring safe and efficient operation.

There are different types of oil burners, including pressure-atomizing, rotary, and steam-atomizing burners. Pressure-atomizing burners are the most common in residential applications. Rotary burners use centrifugal force to atomize the oil. Steam-atomizing burners use steam to atomize the oil, often found in industrial settings.

Maintenance is important for the proper functioning of an oil burner. Regular cleaning of the nozzle, electrodes, and filters, as well as annual servicing by a qualified technician, can prevent issues and ensure optimal performance and longevity of the unit. Safety features are also integrated into oil burner designs, such as safety shut-off valves and flame sensors, to prevent potential hazards.