ólomelektronakkumulátorok

Ólomelektronakkumulátorok, commonly known as lead-acid batteries, are rechargeable electrochemical energy storage devices. They consist of lead plates submerged in an electrolyte solution, typically sulfuric acid. The fundamental principle of their operation involves reversible chemical reactions between the lead, lead dioxide, and sulfuric acid. When discharging, lead dioxide and lead react with sulfuric acid to produce lead sulfate and water, releasing electrical energy. During charging, these reactions are reversed, converting electrical energy back into chemical energy stored within the battery.

These batteries have been in use for over a century and remain popular due to their cost-effectiveness, reliability, and high surge current capability. Their primary applications include automotive starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) systems, as well as backup power for uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), emergency lighting, and telecommunications. They are also utilized in renewable energy systems for energy storage.

Despite their advantages, lead-acid batteries have limitations. Their energy density is relatively low compared to newer battery technologies, meaning they are heavy and bulky for the amount of energy they store. They also have a limited cycle life and can be sensitive to deep discharge, which can reduce their lifespan. Environmental concerns related to lead content and the disposal of used batteries are also significant considerations. Recycling infrastructure for lead-acid batteries is well-established, however, to mitigate these environmental impacts.