étudiée

Étudiée is the feminine singular past participle of the French verb étudier. It can also function as an adjective meaning “studied” or “researched,” and it agrees in gender and number with the noun it modifies: une matière bien étudiée, des méthodes bien étudiées. When used in compound tenses, the participle forms part of the verb phrases with auxiliary verbs, and its agreement depends on the surrounding structure. For example, in the passive voice it appears as est étudiée (present) or a été étudiée (past).

Etymology and usage context: The verb étudier comes from the Latin studium, related to study and diligence. The noun étude also derives from the same root and denotes the act of studying or the result of study. In contemporary French, étudier and its participle étud iée appear frequently in academic, scientific, and analytical writing to describe topics that have been examined in detail.

Examples and notes on agreement: As an adjective or in passive constructions, étudiée agrees with the noun it describes. Examples include: une question bien étudiée; la matière est bien étudiée; des méthodes étudiées en détail; une hypothèse finalement étudiée. In fixed forms using the auxiliary avoir, agreement of the past participle étud iée generally follows the noun’s role and preceding direct object, but in standard passive constructions it agrees with the subject.

Related terms: Étude (noun) denotes the act or result of studying, and est être est étudié or étudiée depending on the subject. The masculine form is étudié; the feminine form is ét udiée; plural forms are étudiés (masc) and étudiées (fem).