étudié

Étudié is the masculine singular past participle of the French verb étudier, meaning to study. It is used to form compound tenses, most notably the passé composé: j’ai étudié, tu as étudié, il a étudié. The feminine singular form is étudiée; the masculine plural is étudiés; the feminine plural is étudiées. When used with the auxiliary être, such as in passive voice, the participle agrees with the subject: les documents ont été étudiés; la question a été étudiée.

Grammatical notes include its use as an adjective meaning “studied” or “well-studied.” For example, un sujet étudié means “a studied subject.” When étudier appears with a preceding direct object in the passé composé, the past participle agrees with that object in gender and number (e.g., les sujets qu’il a étudiés). If the direct object follows the participle, there is no agreement (e.g., il a étudié les sujets).

Etymology traces étudier to Old French etudier, from Latin studiare, derived from studium, meaning study or zeal. The participle étudé reflects the verb’s Latin root and its evolution in modern French, where étudier and its participles are routinely used in education, research, and formal writing.

See also: étudier (the verb), étude (study), étudiant (student), étude comparative (comparative study). Étudié as a form is common in both descriptive and narrative contexts, describing actions completed in the past or attributes attributed to a subject.