árrugalmasságról

Árrugalmasság refers to the responsiveness of the quantity of a good or service demanded or supplied to a change in its price. In economics, it is a crucial concept for understanding market dynamics and the impact of price fluctuations on economic behavior. When demand or supply is described as elastic, it signifies a significant change in quantity in response to a small price change. Conversely, inelastic demand or supply means that the quantity changes only slightly, or not at all, even with substantial price shifts.

Several factors influence árrugalmasság. For demand, the availability of close substitutes is a primary determinant; more substitutes generally lead to higher elasticity. The necessity of a good also plays a role; essential goods tend to have inelastic demand, while luxury items are more elastic. The proportion of income spent on a good is another factor, with goods representing a larger portion of a budget typically exhibiting greater price elasticity. For supply, the time horizon is important, as producers often have more flexibility to adjust output in the long run than in the short run, leading to higher long-run supply elasticity.

Understanding árrugalmasság is vital for businesses when setting prices, as it helps predict the impact on sales volume and revenue. Governments also use this concept to analyze the effects of taxes and subsidies. For instance, taxing goods with inelastic demand, like cigarettes or gasoline, can generate substantial tax revenue because consumption is less likely to decrease significantly.