Überspannungsströme

Überspannungsströme refer to currents that momentarily exceed the normal operating current within an electrical circuit. These surges are typically caused by external events such as lightning strikes or internal switching operations like the energization or de-energization of inductive loads such as motors or transformers. Other causes can include electrostatic discharge or faults within the electrical system.

The magnitude and duration of Überspannungsströme can vary significantly. While some are brief pulses lasting only microseconds, others can persist for longer periods. These transient currents can have detrimental effects on electrical equipment. They can lead to overheating, insulation breakdown, damage to sensitive electronic components, and in severe cases, complete system failure.

To mitigate the risks associated with Überspannungsströme, protective devices are employed. Surge protective devices (SPDs), lightning arresters, and surge suppressors are designed to divert these excessive currents safely to ground, thereby protecting the connected equipment. Proper grounding and surge protection are essential for maintaining the reliability and safety of electrical installations, especially in environments prone to lightning or significant electrical noise. Understanding the causes and consequences of Überspannungsströme is crucial for electrical engineers and technicians involved in system design, installation, and maintenance.