Överspänning

Överspänning refers to a temporary increase in voltage above the normal operating level within an electrical system. This phenomenon can occur due to various factors. One common cause is lightning strikes, which induce significant voltage surges in power lines. Switching operations within the power grid, such as the connection or disconnection of large loads, can also generate transient overvoltages. Furthermore, internal faults within electrical equipment or improper grounding can contribute to overvoltage conditions.

The effects of overvoltage can range from minor inconveniences to catastrophic damage. Sensitive electronic components, including those in computers, televisions, and other appliances, are particularly vulnerable. Even short-duration overvoltages can degrade the insulation of electrical wiring and equipment, leading to premature failure or fire hazards. In industrial settings, overvoltages can cause expensive machinery to malfunction or become permanently damaged.

To mitigate the risks associated with overvoltage, various protective measures are employed. Surge protective devices (SPDs) are commonly installed to divert excess voltage away from sensitive equipment and safely to the ground. These devices can be found in individual power outlets, as well as in larger electrical panels. Proper grounding of electrical systems is also crucial, as it provides a path for excess voltage to dissipate safely. Regular maintenance and inspection of electrical infrastructure help identify and address potential sources of overvoltage before they cause damage.