Östrojen

Östrojen, also known as estrogen, is a group of steroid hormones that play a crucial role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics. The primary and most potent form of estrogen in the body is estradiol. Estrogens are primarily produced by the ovaries in premenopausal women, and in smaller amounts by the adrenal glands and fat tissue. After menopause, the ovaries produce significantly less estrogen, and production largely shifts to adipose tissue.

Estrogen has widespread effects beyond reproduction. It influences bone density, helping to maintain skeletal health. It also affects the cardiovascular system, impacting blood vessel function and cholesterol levels. Furthermore, estrogen plays a role in brain function, mood regulation, skin health, and the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics such as breast development, widening of the hips, and the distribution of body fat.

During a woman's reproductive years, estrogen levels fluctuate cyclically, driven by the menstrual cycle. These fluctuations are essential for ovulation and preparing the uterus for potential pregnancy. Estrogen levels begin to decline significantly during menopause, leading to various physiological changes.

Synthetic estrogens are used in various medical applications, including hormone replacement therapy to alleviate menopausal symptoms and in oral contraceptives to prevent pregnancy. They are also used in the treatment of certain hormone-sensitive cancers. However, estrogen use can also carry risks, and its medical application requires careful consideration of individual health factors.